(四)反義疑問句(Tag Question)
置于陳述句之后,對(duì)陳述句所敘述事實(shí)提出相反的疑問,這種疑問句稱為反義疑問句,形式如下:
①肯定陳述句+否定簡(jiǎn)略問句;②否定陳述句+肯定簡(jiǎn)略問句
例句: The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated according to the weather,were not they? (1998年第38題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated...作find的賓語。
譯文: 當(dāng)?shù)厝耸煮@喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)蔬菜價(jià)格不再隨天氣變化而波動(dòng),是嗎?
例句: He does not qualify as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible, does he? (1996年第24題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中后一個(gè)as是連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,前一個(gè)as是介詞,意為“作為……”,與qualify 一起構(gòu)成短語意為“有資格做……”。
譯文: 他因?yàn)榘l(fā)音太差而不夠資格當(dāng)英文教師,是嗎?
下面著重講解考試中常出現(xiàn)的或大家在學(xué)習(xí)中難以理解的幾種反義疑問句的構(gòu)成。
1. 陳述句的謂語為am時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句否定式用arent I,肯定式為am I。
例句: Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services, arent I? (1998年第27題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。
譯文: 我很高興得知老板已慷慨地同意一筆勾銷我的債務(wù)來作為特殊服務(wù)的報(bào)酬,是嗎?
例句: Im not a person who is willing to run the risk to leave his child alone at home, am I?
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a person。
譯文: 我不是那種愿意冒險(xiǎn)把孩子單獨(dú)留在家里的人,是吧?
2. 陳述句部分有表示否定意義的詞,如hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nothing,never, seldom,little時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句用肯定形式。
例句: The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory, can he?
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,which后的部分修飾grounds,全句相當(dāng)于The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which he bases his argument in favor of the new theory, 其中base sth. on grounds意為“使……具有證據(jù)”。
譯文: 那位教授幾乎找不到充分證據(jù)來支持其新理論的論點(diǎn),是吧?
例句: It never rains but it pours,does it? (選自2007年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,but前后并列兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。
譯文: 不鳴則已,一鳴驚人,是吧?
3. 陳述句部分的主語為something,anything, nothing,everything等指物的不定代詞時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句主語用it。
例句: Everything that you did is just for my staying here, isnt it?
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,定語從句that you did修飾everything。
譯文: 你所做的任何事情都只是想讓我留在這里,對(duì)嗎?
又如:Something has gone wrong with my watch, hasn't it?
4. 陳述句部分的主語為anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody等指人的不定代詞時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句主語為they。
例句: Everybody loves a fat pay rise,don't they? (選自2005年Text 1)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。
譯文: 每個(gè)人都喜歡大幅加薪,對(duì)吧?
例句: Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction,can they?
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,cant help but do sth.意為“禁不住,不得不……”,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the world,即take him into the world。
譯文: 沒有人不對(duì)科幻小說帶給我們的科幻世界著迷,是不?
5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare,need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句用助動(dòng)詞do/did/does。
例句: Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes, do they? (選自2007年P(guān)art B)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容表示對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的解釋,as opposed to... 的完整形式應(yīng)是as they are opposed to...,they指代models,其中be opposed to sth.意為“與……對(duì)照/對(duì)比”。
譯文: 孩子們需要有各式各樣的真正的榜樣——來與他們?nèi)ψ永锏某蓡T對(duì)照,與流行歌星和善于自夸的運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)照,對(duì)嗎?
例句: Standing before me, she dares not to look at me in face, does she?
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,分詞短語standing before me在句中作狀語,相當(dāng)于when she is standing...。
譯文: 站在我面前,她不敢直視我,是嗎?
6.陳述句部分為主從復(fù)合句時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問句的謂語與主句謂語保持一致。
例句: We can not always count on the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water, can we?
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,從句中so...that是目的狀語從句。
譯文: 我們不可能永遠(yuǎn)依賴風(fēng),所以必須設(shè)計(jì)用水也能驅(qū)動(dòng)的新風(fēng)車,是嗎?
例句: Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself, doesnt it? (2001年第9題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主句部分為conversation becomes weaker in a society,定語從句that spends so much time...修飾a society,在定語從句中又套用一個(gè)so...that...的結(jié)果狀語從句,其中all but為一副詞短語,意為“幾乎”。
譯文: 如果在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,人們花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間聽別人講話或讓別人對(duì)著自己講話,那么他們就會(huì)失去說話的意愿和技能醫(yī)學(xué)全在,線m.f1411.cn,交談效果就變得越來越差了,是吧?
7. let's表示第一人稱的祈使句,簡(jiǎn)略問句的謂語用shall;let us,let me表示第二人稱祈使,簡(jiǎn)略問句的謂語用will。
例句: Lets go there and ask the way to the Bell Tower together, shall we?
Let us go there and ask the way to the Bell Tower together, will you?