2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
重點(diǎn):在條件(時(shí)間)狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)(可參見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句例子)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣(見(jiàn)"第六講")
主要連接詞:
(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 如果不) 例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路:根據(jù)上面說(shuō)過(guò)的連接原則,這里必須是一個(gè)"連接詞",而A,B都是介詞,因此正確答案只能在C,D中選。"whereas"意為"而",故正確答案為C.(不應(yīng)把兒童帶到重病人房間,除非有某種特殊原因。)
(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (如果…)知道這也醫(yī)學(xué)全在線m.f1411.cn是連接詞就可以了,一般說(shuō),當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí),應(yīng)傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句:
主要連接詞:because/ since / as
要點(diǎn):不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語(yǔ)because of ( + 名詞或-ing形式) 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since"自從…"相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as"隨著…"相混淆;
順便提一下, because表示直接"因果關(guān)系",而since, as 是對(duì)事實(shí)的說(shuō)明,主句和從句之間并不一定具有"因果關(guān)系".
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已經(jīng)18歲了,應(yīng)該知道什么該干什么不該干。)
這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
…for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for從句,例如: He must have gone to bed, for it is too late.
(他肯定已經(jīng)睡了;現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很晚了。)—— 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that (由于…) Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鑒于這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決,他們開(kāi)始進(jìn)行下一個(gè)問(wèn)題。) n
…in that(在于…)一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比動(dòng)物高等,因?yàn)槿四芤哉Z(yǔ)言作為工具進(jìn)行交際。)
4) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:
主要連接詞:although (雖然)/ even if (though) (即使)/ while (盡管)后兩個(gè)是考試的重點(diǎn)。no matter what… (= whatever無(wú)論…什么…) / no matter how… (=however, 無(wú)論怎樣…) / whether…or not (不論…還是…)這是讓步句考試的重點(diǎn)。
例如:
No matter what (或Whatever) may happen, we will not change our plan. (無(wú)論可能發(fā)生什么,我們決不改變計(jì)劃。)
No matter how difficult (或However difficult) the journey may be, we will not change our plan. (不管路程有多難,我們決不改變計(jì)劃。)
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill (或whether she is ill or not).(無(wú)論她身體好壞,我們都不應(yīng)使她煩惱。)
注意:no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu);no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞,不要搞錯(cuò);用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.