在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的從句中,也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望,意為“寧愿、但愿”。
(1)“would rather/ would sooner等+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)”,表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況。
(2)“would rather/ would sooner等+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)”,表示過(guò)去的情況。
三、特殊的虛擬條件句
1、暗含條件的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)暗含條件句的詞或短語(yǔ)有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, given, provided, supposing, were it not for等。
例:Without your help, we could not have succeeded.
要是沒(méi)有你的幫助醫(yī).學(xué).全.在.線m.f1411.cn,我們就不會(huì)成功的。
2、狀語(yǔ)從句中含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(1)as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
(2)lest/ in case/for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是should+動(dòng)詞原形
3、名詞性從句中含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(1)主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在“it is (was) +形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)+that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果形容詞或過(guò)去分詞表示建議、命令和要求等,那么that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其形式為:should+動(dòng)詞原形。
(2)賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
某些表示建議、命令和要求意義的動(dòng)詞后所接賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其形式為:should +動(dòng)詞原形。適用的動(dòng)詞有:ask, advise, determine, command, insist, move,propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, direct等。
4、特殊句型中含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣
It’s (high/about) time…從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“是做某事的時(shí)候了”,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
【真題體驗(yàn)】
Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. [2002, 完型]
分析:
A. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句主句是Countless divorced politicians would have been elected。had they even thought of a divorce 是從句,是省略if的倒裝條件句。out of office years ago和let alone gotten one都是狀語(yǔ)。
B. 分析虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句Countless divorced politicians would have been elected和從句中 had they even thought of a divorce中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別是would have been elected、 had thought,體現(xiàn)了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其中,從句是省略了if倒裝條件句。
C. 譯文:現(xiàn)如今,許多政客都紛紛離婚,這要是在幾年前都是不可能的。那時(shí),不說(shuō)真的離婚了,只要他們有離婚的想法,就一定會(huì)被趕下臺(tái)。